【Home Assistant】DHT11温湿度传感器

前言

本贴主要内容是为HA主机添加一个常用的DHT11温度传感器,实现温湿度定时采集。为了方便演示,本教程会用核桃派PicoW 驱动DHT11,然后每两秒往核桃派HA主机上报温湿度数据。

实验目的

核桃派HA主机添加啊DHT11温湿度传感器,采集温湿度数据

实验讲解

需要用到HA MQTT组件中的sensor。实验的关键是搞清楚发现MQTT设备的主题信息以及控制方法说明如下:

MQTT主题

下面这两个主题用于HA主机通过MQTT发现该设备:

homeassistant/sensor/picow_dht11_temp/config
homeassistant/sensor/picow_dht11_hum/config
  • homeassistant:默认的前缀
  • homeassistant:默认的前缀
  • picow_dht11_temp: 实体的ID,需要唯一,这里自定义的内容,表示核桃派PicoW的温度传感器;
  • picow_dht11_hum: 实体的ID,需要唯一,这里自定义的内容,表示核桃派PicoW的湿度传感器;
  • config:默认的后缀

MQTT消息

温度传感器消息:

  """{
        "name": "Temperature Sensor",
        "device_class": "temperature",
        "state_topic": "picow_dht11/sensor/temperature/state",
        "unique_id": "picow_dht11_temp",
        "unit_of_measurement": "C",
        "value_template": "{{ value_json.temperature }}",
        
        "device": {
            "identifiers": ["picow_dht11_device"],
            "name": "Picow DHT11 Temperature Sensor",
            "manufacturer": "WalnutPi",
            "model": "DHT11",
            "sw_version": "1.0.0"
        }
    }"""
    

实体1

  • "name":"temp": 实体名称,自定义填写;
  • "device_class":"temperature": 组件类型,跟前面主题配置信息相关,不能填错,比如这里的temperature是组件sensor下的一个可用实体;
  • "state_topic":"picow_dht11/sensor/temperature/state": 用于注册实体后发布相关属性主题,这里用来发送湿度数据,主题内容自定义,保证不同实体的主题不一样即可;
  • "unique_id":"picow_dht11_temp": 实体ID,自定义,务必保证每个实体唯一;

湿度传感器消息:

"""{
        "name": "Humidity Sensor",
        "device_class": "humidity",
        "state_topic": "picow_dht11/sensor/humidity/state",
        "unique_id": "picow_dht11_hum",
        "unit_of_measurement": "%",
        "value_template": "{{ value_json.humidity }}",
        
        
        "device": {
            "identifiers": ["picow_dht11_device"],
            "name": "Picow DHT11 Humidity Sensor",
            "manufacturer": "WalnutPi",
            "model": "DHT11",
            "sw_version": "1.0.0"
        }
    }"""

实体2

  • "name":"temp": 实体名称,自定义填写;
  • "device_class":"humidity": 组件类型,跟前面主题配置信息相关,不能填错,比如这里的humidity是组件sensor下的一个可用实体;
  • "state_topic":"picow_dht11/sensor/humidity/state": 用于注册实体后发布相关属性主题,这里用来发送湿度数据,主题内容自定义,保证不同实体的主题不一样即可;
  • "unique_id":"picow_dht11_hum": 实体ID,自定义,务必保证每个实体唯一;

设备

告知Home Assistant实体对应的设备。

  • "identifiers": ["picow_dht11_device"]: 识别标识符,每个设备唯一,例:picow_dht11_device
  • "name":"picow": 设备名称,自定义;
  • "manufacturer": "WalnutPi":设备的制造商
    *"model": "DHT11":设备的型号,例:DHT11
    *"sw_version": "1.0.0":设备的固件版本
    更多MQTT sensor内容可查阅官方文档:MQTT Sensor - Home Assistant

代码编写流程如下:
导入相关模块
:arrow_down:
构建DHT11对象
:arrow_down:
连接wifi
:arrow_down:
连接MQTT服务器
:arrow_down:
注册DHT11设备与实体
:arrow_down:
采集温湿度信息
:arrow_down:
MQTT发送温湿度信息
:arrow_down:
延时2秒。再次循环采集温湿度信息

基于核桃派PicoW实现

本实验使用核桃派PicoW(ESP32-S3)连接DHT11温湿度传感器,使用方法参考:核桃派PicoW教程,保证核桃派PicoW和核桃派1B连接到同一个路由器下即可:

参考代码

'''
实验名称:Home Assistant 温度传感器DHT11
实验平台:核桃派1B + 核桃派PicoW
说明:编程实现Home Assistant 采集温度传感器DHT11温度数据
'''

import network
from simple import MQTTClient
from machine import Pin,Timer
import dht
import time

# 初始化WIFI指示灯
LED = Pin(46, Pin.OUT) # 请确认这个引脚号是否正确


#WIFI连接函数
def WIFI_Connect():

    global LED

    wlan = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF) #STA模式
    wlan.active(True)                   #激活接口
    start_time=time.time()              #记录时间做超时判断

    if not wlan.isconnected():
        print('connecting to network...')
        wlan.connect('01Studio', '88888888') #输入WIFI账号密码

        while not wlan.isconnected():

            #LED闪烁提示
            LED.value(1)
            time.sleep_ms(300)
            LED.value(0)
            time.sleep_ms(300)

            #超时判断,15秒没连接成功判定为超时
            if time.time()-start_time > 15 :
                print('WIFI Connected Timeout!')
                break

    if wlan.isconnected():
        #LED点亮
        LED.value(1)

        #串口打印信息
        print('network information:', wlan.ifconfig())

        return True

    else:
        return False


#接收数据任务
def MQTT_Rev(tim):
    client.check_msg()

#执行WIFI连接函数并判断是否已经连接成功
if WIFI_Connect():
    
    CLIENT_ID = 'WalnutPi' # 客户端ID
    SERVER = '192.168.1.1'  # MQTT服务器地址
    PORT = 1883    
    USER='pi'
    PASSWORD='pi'
    
    client = MQTTClient(CLIENT_ID, SERVER, PORT, USER, PASSWORD) #建立客户端对象
    client.connect()
        
    TOPIC_TEMP = "homeassistant/sensor/picow_dht11_temp/config"
    mssage_temp = """{
        "name": "Temperature Sensor",
        "device_class": "temperature",
        "state_topic": "picow_dht11/sensor/temperature/state",
        "unique_id": "picow_dht11_temp",
        "unit_of_measurement": "C",
        "value_template": "{{ value_json.temperature }}",
        
        "device": {
            "identifiers": ["picow_dht11_device"],
            "name": "Picow DHT11 Temperature Sensor",
            "manufacturer": "WalnutPi",
            "model": "DHT11",
            "sw_version": "1.0.0"
        }
    }"""
    client.publish(TOPIC_TEMP, mssage_temp)

    # 发布湿度传感器配置信息到Home Assistant
    TOPIC_HUM = "homeassistant/sensor/picow_dht11_hum/config"
    mssage_hum = """{
        "name": "Humidity Sensor",
        "device_class": "humidity",
        "state_topic": "picow_dht11/sensor/humidity/state",
        "unique_id": "picow_dht11_hum",
        "unit_of_measurement": "%",
        "value_template": "{{ value_json.humidity }}",
        
        
        "device": {
            "identifiers": ["picow_dht11_device"],
            "name": "Picow DHT11 Humidity Sensor",
            "manufacturer": "WalnutPi",
            "model": "DHT11",
            "sw_version": "1.0.0"
        }
    }"""
    client.publish(TOPIC_HUM, mssage_hum)


d = dht.DHT11(Pin(2)) #传感器连接引脚
time.sleep(2)   #首次启动停顿2秒让传感器稳定
                

def dht_get(tim):
    
        d.measure()
        temp = d.temperature()
        hum = d.humidity()
        
#终端打印温湿度信息
        print(str(d.temperature() )+' C') 
        print(str(d.humidity())+' %')
        
        TOPIC_TEMP = "picow_dht11/sensor/temperature/state"
        TOPIC_HUM = "picow_dht11/sensor/humidity/state"
    
        mssage_temp = '{"temperature": %.2f}'%temp
        mssage_hum  = '{"humidity": %.2f}'%hum
        client.publish(TOPIC_TEMP, mssage_temp)
        client.publish(TOPIC_HUM, mssage_hum)
        
tim = Timer(1)
tim.init(period=2000, mode=Timer.PERIODIC, callback=dht_get)

while True:
    
    pass


实验结果

根据上述代码将DHT11连接到核桃派PicoW的引脚2,接线图如下:


使用Thonny IDE连接核桃派PicoW开发板,运行上面代码:

运行成功后可以在MQTT集成找到DHT11传感器设备:

可以添加到仪表盘:

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